1. contrastive loss

2. triplet loss

In triplet loss training, a triplet contains two images belonging to the same class, referred to as the anchor and positive samples, and a third image, from a different class, which is referred to as the negative sample. The triplet loss function is given as, $[d(a, p) − d(a, n) + m]+$, where $a$, $p$ and $n$ are anchor, positive, and negative samples, respectively. $d(·, ·)$ is the learned metric function and $m$ is a margin term which encourages the negative sample to be further from the anchor than the positive sample.

3. NormSoftmax loss

4. Sampling